Geography of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Vancouver is the largest city in the Canadian province of British Columbia and is the third-largest in Canada. As of 2006, Vancouvers population was 578,000 but its Census Metropolitan Area surpassed two million. Vancouvers residents (like those in many large Canadian cities) are ethnically diverse and over 50% are not native English speakers. Location The City of Vancouver is located on the British Columbias west coast, adjacent to the Strait of Georgia and across that waterway from Vancouver Island. It is also north of the Fraser River and lies mostly on the western part of the Burrard Peninsula. The city of Vancouver is well-known as one of the worlds most livable cities but it is also one of the most expensive in Canada and North America. Vancouver has also hosted many international events and most recently, it has gained worldwide attention because it and nearby Whistler hosted the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. What to Know About Vancouver The following is a list of the most important things to know about Vancouver, British Columbia: The City of Vancouver is named after George Vancouver, a British captain who explored Burrard Inlet in 1792.Vancouver is one of Canadas youngest cities and the first European settlement was not until 1862 when McLeerys Farm was established on the Fraser River. It is believed, however, that aboriginal people lived in the Vancouver region from at least 8,000-10,000 years ago.Vancouver officially incorporated on April 6, 1886, after Canadas first transcontinental railroad reached the region. Shortly thereafter, nearly the entire city was destroyed when the Great Vancouver Fire broke out on June 13, 1886. The city quickly rebuilt though and by 1911, it had a population of 100,000.Today, Vancouver is one of the most densely populated cities in North America after New York City and San Francisco, California with around 13,817 people per square mile (5,335 people per sq km) as of 2006. This is a direct result of urban planning focused on high-rise residential and mixed-use development as op posed to urban sprawl. Vancouvers urban planning practice originated in the late 1950s and is known in the planning world as Vancouverism.Because of Vancouverism and a lack of large amounts of urban sprawl as seen in other large North American cities, Vancouver has been able to maintain a large population and also a large amount of open space. Within this open land is Stanley Park, one of the largest urban parks in North America at around 1,001 acres (405 hectares).Vancouvers climate is considered oceanic or marine west coast and its summer months are dry. The average July high temperature is 71 F (21 C). Winters in Vancouver are usually rainy and the average low temperature in January is 33 F (0.5 C).The City of Vancouver has a total area of 44 square miles (114 sq km) and consists of both flat and hilly terrain. The North Shore Mountains are located near the city and dominate much of its cityscape, but on clear days, Mount Baker in Washington, Vancouver Island, and Bowen Island to the northeast can all be seen. In the early days of its growth, Vancouvers economy was based around logging and sawmills which were established beginning in 1867. Although forestry is still Vancouvers largest industry today, the city is also home to the Port Metro Vancouver, which is the fourth-largest port based on the tonnage in North America. Vancouvers second largest industry is tourism because it is a well-known urban center worldwide. What Its Known For Vancouver is nicknamed Hollywood North because it is the third-largest film production center in North America following Los Angeles and New York City. The Vancouver International Film Festival takes place annually each September. Music and visual arts are also common in the city. Vancouver also has another nickname of city of neighborhoods as much of it is divided into different and ethnically diverse neighborhoods. English, Scottish, and Irish people were Vancouvers largest ethnic groups in the past, but today, there is a large Chinese-speaking community in the city. Little Italy, Greektown, Japantown and the Punjabi Market are other ethnic neighborhoods in Vancouver. Sources Wikipedia. (2010, March 30). Vancouver. Wikipedia- the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from:Â  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver

Career As A Career Choice - 942 Words

Social Work is a profession concerned with helping individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance their individual and collective well-being. I chose to seek a degree in this field because I find this to be a very rewarding career choice. To obtain a degree in a career that essentially makes a difference in people’s lives is extremely important to me. I have worked as a medical assistant for over 10 years, and although I love my job I would like to work closer with the people that I serve. I realize from working with people with intellectual disabilities that my passion lies with helping and assisting individuals. It takes a special person to work in social services because this is a field where advocating and assisting are a forte. I would like to obtain my Bachelors of Art in Social Work and work with children. After, I have worked in the field for at least a year I would like to continue postgraduate studies in lure of earning my master’s in social work. My ultimate goal is to obtain both a bachelor’s and master’s degree in social work and specialize in case management assisting both children and veterans. I chose to pursue a career in social work because I find it rewarding to have the ability to help people cope with the difficulties of everyday life. Social workers assist in social services in hopes of improving the social functions of children and adults. The field of social work is full of diversity and there are a lot of areas in which a social workerShow MoreRelatedCareer Choices For A Career1539 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing job market, there are plenty of career choices one can take on to create a financially stable lifestyle and live a successful life. When looking at job careers, it is often a hard choice to choose which pathway might be the best to lead one towards success. In addition to choosing a pathway it is pertinent to learn the background as well as stepping stones to leave a person with more of an understanding of that profession, especially if the focus of career is dealing with Human Resources. Read MoreCareer Goals : Career Choice3343 Words   |  14 PagesSince young, many people have known what career path they would like to follow. Some knew they wanted to be a lawyer, a firefighter, a doctor and began their journey towards making their career dream true by taking the necessary courses, passing their examinations, and did what was required to enter the field of their choosing. Some are unsure of the career path they would like to follow and opinions of others on what they should do can lead to a road of uncertainty and confusion. Lastly, for variousRead MoreThe Choice Of A Career Essay2106 Words   |  9 Pageshardly ever be recognized separately. â€Å"The choice of a career is a highly significant process that plays a major role in shaping people s aspirations, concerns, and action† (Malach-Pines Yafe-Yanai, 1999, p. 503). This understanding makes choosing a major a deeply personal and profound question for each individual. â€Å"It is one of the most signif icant choices made by people growing up in Western cultures with many attempting to find through their careers a sense of existential significance for theirRead MorePsychology and Career Choice765 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Period 2 December 4, 2013 Pre-Calc Lam Career Choice: Psychology My future career choice is in psychology. I want to The definition of psychology is basically the study of human (and sometimes animal) behavior. The word itself means the science of the soul. The first syllable, psyche means soul, and the second part contains the root of the word logic. Essay on My Interest in the Field of Psychology I have always wondered about human behavior. Why does this person scream whenRead MoreMy Career Choice830 Words   |  4 Pagesin my life is to choose a career that I will enjoy and find interesting for many years ahead. It is important that I have the ability to provide well for myself and future family. In an effort to stay current in the marketplace, I am committed to keeping an open mind as career paths change, and dedicating time for continued education. I believe that my career choices for the future greatly depend upon the knowledge that I have of myself, information regarding my career options, testing field workRead MoreNursing As A Career Choice1714 Words   |  7 PagesNursing as a Ð ¡areer Ð ¡hoice. Anna Leonova Trent University Nursing as a career choice. 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Factors of Occupational Choice 2.1 Family and Class 2.2 Neighbourhood and Peer Group 2.3 School and Education 2.4 Race 2.5 Gender 2.5.1 Horizontal and Vertical Segregation 2.5.2 Pay 2.5.3 Hours Worked Read MoreCareer Choices Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pagesoverall financially. Our economy as it stands now is barely standing. The government is in debt by trillions, and furthermore, This means an increased competitive job market. However, one needs to consider many different factors when choosing a career to give them the best chance of being happy and fulfilled. People need to ask themselves, will the job fit my personality? Will I have to travel or relocate? Can I physically do it, and what is the compensation? There are many questions to ask

Chromosomal Aberrations free essay sample

Chromosomal aberrations are abnormalities in the structure or number of chromosomes and are often responsible for genetic disorders. For more than a century, scientists have been fascinated by the study of human chromosomes. It was not until 1956, however, that it was determined that the actual diploid number of chromosomes in a human cell was forty-six (22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes make up the human genome). In 1959 two discoveries opened a new era of genetics. Jerome Lejeune, Marthe Gautier, and M. Raymond Turpin discovered the presence of an extra chromosome in Down syndrome patients. And C. E. Ford and his colleagues, P. A. Jacobs and J. A. Strong first observed sex chromosome anomalies in patients with sexual development disorders. Advances in Chromosomal Analysis Identification of individual chromosomes remained difficult until advances in staining techniques such as Q-banding revealed the structural organization of chromosomes. The patterns of bands were found to be specific for individual chromosomes and hence allowed scientists to distinguish the different chromosomes. Also, such banding patterns made it possible to recognize that structural abnormalities or aberrations were associated with specific genetic syndromes. Chromosome disorders, or abnormalities of even a minute segment (or band) are now known to be the basis for a large number of genetic diseases. Chromosomal disorders and their relationship to health and disease are studied using the methods of cytogenetics. Cytogenetic analysis is now an integral diagnostic procedure in prenatal diagnosis. It is also utilized in the evaluation of patients with mental retardation, multiple birth defects, and abnormal sexual development, and in some cases of infertility or multiple miscarriages. Cytogenetic analysis is also useful in the study and treatment of cancer patients and individuals with hematologic disorders. The types of chromosomal abnormalities that can be detected by cytogenetics are numerical aberrations, translocations, duplications, deletions, and inversions. Chromosomal Aberrations Chromosomal abnormalities can result from either a variation in the chromosome number or from structural changes. These events may occur spontaneously or can be induced by environmental agents such as chemicals, radiation, and ultraviolet light. However, mutations are most likely due to mistakes that occur when the genes are copied as the cells are dividing to produce new cells. These abnormalities may involve the autosomes, sex chromosomes, or both. The disruption of the DNA sequence or an excess or deficiency of the genes carried on the affected chromosomes results in a mutation. Such a change may or may not alter the protein coded by a gene. Often, however, a mutation results in the disruption of gene functionality. The resulting altered or missing protein can disrupt the way a gene is meant to function and can lead to clinical disease. Only mutations occurring to the DNA in the gametes will potentially pass on to the offspring. Mutations appear in gametes in one of two ways. A mutation may be inherited from one of an individuals parents. However, a mutation may also occur for the first time in a single gamete, or during the process of fertilization between an egg cell and a sperm cell. In this case the mutation or change is often called a de novo mutation. The parents are not affected by the condition and are not carriers of the mutation. The affected individual will have this mutation in all of his or her cells and may be able to pass the mutation on to any offspring. Some common abnormalities and their resulting phenotypes are discussed below. Aneuploidy Aneuploidy is the gain or loss of individual chromosomes from the normal diploid set of forty-six chromosomes. As in structural anomalies, the error may be present in all cells of a person or in a percentage of cells. Changes in chromosome number generally have an even greater effect upon survival than changes in chromosome structure. Considered the most common type of clinically significant chromosome abnormality, it is always associated with physical and/or mental developmental problems. Most aneuploid patients have a trisomy of a particular chromosome. Monosomy, or the loss of a chromosome, is rarely seen in live births. The vast majority of monosomic embryos and fetuses are probably lost to spontaneous abortion during the very early  stages of pregnancy. An exception is the loss of an X chromosome, which produces Turners syndrome. Trisomy may exist for any chromosome, but is rarely compatible with life. Aneuploidy is believed to arise from a process called nondisjunction. Nondi sjunction occurs when chromosomes do not separate correctly during meiosis. The direct result is that one gamete will have an extra chromosome and the other will be lacking a chromosome. When these gametes are fertilized by a normal gamete, they have either an extra chromosome (trisomy) or are missing a chromosome (monosomy). Disorders Associated with Aneuploidy Three well-known autosomal chromosome disorders associated with trisomies of entire autosomes are sometimes found in live births. These are trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), trisomy 13, and trisomy 18. Growth retardation, mental retardation, and multiple congenital anomalies are associated with all three trisomies. However, each has distinctive morphological characteristics, which are presumably determined by the extra dosage of the specific genes on the additional chromosome. Down syndrome (chromosome 21) is the most frequent trisomy found in humans, and one of the most common conditions encountered in genetic counseling. General characteristics are mental retardation, distinctive palm prints, and a common facial appearance. The average life expectancy is now much greater thanks to improvements in medical care. Generally, individuals with Down syndrome have affable personalities and are able to be partially independent. The incidence of Down syndrome is about 1 in 800 children and is often associated with later maternal age (as may also be the case with other aneuploids). Down syndrome appears to be related to the difference in gamete formation (gametogenesis) between males and females. In females, oocytes are formed before birth and held in a static state until ovulation. In the case of older mothers, an oocyte may be in this stage for more than forty years, during which time environmental factors may affect the genetic material. In trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 patients, congenital abnormalities are much more severe. These individuals generally do not live much beyond birth. Both trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 result in syndromes characterized by specific dysmorphic features and severe organ malformations. In a ddition to trisomies involving the autosomal chromosomes, aneuploidy may also involve  the sex chromosomes. Two examples are Turners syndrome and Klinefelters syndrome. As mentioned previously, Turners syndrome is a monosomy involving the X chromosomes. Turners syndrome females possess forty-five chromosomes (45, X) as compared to clinically normal forty-six (46, XX). They are usually sterile and short in staturewith some neck webbing. Klinefelters syndrome patients have a trisomy involving the sex chromosomes and thus have forty-seven chromosomes (47, XXY). Klinefelters syndrome individuals are sterile males possessing some female characteristics. These chromosome abnormalities are of interest especially for their implications in infertility and abnormal development. Abnormalities of Chromosomal Structure Four types of structural changes may occur in chromosomes: duplications, deletions, translocations, and inversions. All may result when there is breakage of the chromosomes and a rejoining or loss of chromosome fragments. If the same broken ends rejoin, the chromosome becomes intact once again. The resulting effects of such events depend on how large they are and where they occur on the chromosome. Rearrangements may occur in many forms and are less common than abnormalities of chromosome number. The most common type of rearrangement is called a balanced translocation because the amount of genetic information within that cell is normal even though it is repositioned. Therefore the individual with a balanced translocation may appear normal. However, there will be a risk to the children of a carrier of a balanced translocation since that person is likely to produce unbalanced gametes (bearing too little or too much genetic information), and therefore the risk of having abnormal offspring is increased. Rearrangements such as aneuploidy may be found in all cells of an individual, or they may occur only in a percentage of an individuals cells. This latter condition is known as mosaicism. In general, mosaic individuals show a less severe expression of their syndrome than those with chromosome abnormalities in all their cells. Unbalanced Chromosome Rearrangements A rearrangement is considered unbalanced if it results in extra or missing information. Structural rearrangements may be caused by a number of factors  including chemicals, some viral infections, and ionizing radiation. Because the complement of DNA or genetic material in the chromosomes is greater or less than the complement of DNA in a normal set of chromosomes, there is likely to be abnormal development. Deletions A deletion is the loss of a segment of a chromosome. The amount of deleted material may be any length from a single base to a large piece of the chromosome. The result is a chromosomal imbalance, with the individual being monosomic or possessing half of the required genes present in a normal individual for the segment of DNA missing. Only small deletions are tolerated, and the effect on the individual will depend upon the size of the deleted segment and the number and functionality of the genes that are contained within it. Larger deletions and the deletion of an entire chromosome always result in nonviable embryos. Cri du Chats (cats cry) syndrome individuals have a deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. Although they possess the usual signs of chromosomal anomalies, such as mental retardation and low birth weight, their appearance is not extraordinarily different from normal individuals. One peculiarity is that affected infants make an unusual cry resembling that of a cat, hence the name of the syndrome. Two other interesting diseases are Prader-Willis syndrome and Angelmans syndrome. In both cases, patients with these diseases possess a deletion in the long arm of chromosome 15. Interestingly, the deletion is in the same location, but the resulting syndrome depends on whether the deletion was in the maternal or paternal chromosome. Duplications Duplications also result from the reuniting of broken pieces of homologous chromosomes. In some cases the chromosome pieces rejoin in such a way that there is a doubling, or redundancy, of a portion of the chromosome. This changes the number of genes present and may result in a problem with health, development, or growth. Large insertions and deletions prevent the production of useful proteins. The effect of smaller insertions or deletions depends upon how many bases are involved. Sometimes an entire gene can be inserted (in duplications) or deleted. The effect depends upon where in the genome the changes occur and how many base pairs are involved. Inversions An inversion is the rotation of a broken chromosome segment in such a way that it rejoins the chromosome in a reversed state, or is flipped, end to end. Inversions are usually characterized by whether the centromere is included in the inverted segment. Inversions containing the centromere are called pericentric. Those not containing the centromere are called paracentric. Although an inversion does not change the overall content of cellular DNA and can be considered a balanced translocation, it can affect a gene at many levels because it alters the normal DNA sequence. The gene may not produce its corresponding protein at all, or a nonfunctioning protein may result. There is a common inversion seen in human chromosomes involving chromosome 9. A small pericentric inversion is present in approximately 1 percent of tested individuals. There appears to be no detrimental effect on the carrier, and it does not appear to cause miscarriage or unbalanced off-spring. Recurrence Risk Chromosomal aberrations may be inherited from a parent, and because of this many families seek genetic counseling in order to determine if a genetic disorder will recur in another member of the same generation or in generations that will follow. The family needs to know the genetic risk, also known as the recurrence risk, and any means by which transmission may be prevented. A recurrence risk will be calculated based on the accuracy of the diagnosis, the pedigree of the family, and the known genetic mechanisms of the disorder in question.

Unit Introduction free essay sample

Introduction In this assignment I will be surveying the site nielson-netratings. com and draft a short report for the business on the kind of data that this service can provide. I will then carry out a research to discover a full range of prices and product comparisons for laser printers suitable for a business use, explaining how I searched for it. I will then prepare a presentation that describes the kinds of actions that various organisations take to reduce security risks from operating online. I will then explain the competitivepressures on selected contrasting businesses organisations to develop their use of e-business. I will then take two contrasting businesses and explain using examples, how they have responded to competitive forces to develop their use of e-business. I will then be evaluating how successful a particular business organisation has been preparing for the growing use of e-business. I will finally prepare an outline personal development plan for sales staff that is unfamiliar with internet business. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit Introduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page P3 (1): Visit www. nielsen-netratings. om and look for the â€Å"solutions by country† panel on the left for the homes page. Survey the site and draft a short report for the business on the kind of data that this service can bring. To: Lillian Julius From: Claudia Tran Title:How Nielsen net-ratingshelp business to use the internet to perform better. Introduction Since the business is currently facing a downturn in their business, due to the economy and the recession lately, I have suggested that the business should think about turning their business to the internet, which may help them to perform better. The report would show the benefits of using the internet and how it can help any business perform better. Body Nielson online is an online analytical website that allows businesses to access the correct information in order to help them to keep their competitive edge over their other competitors. Nielson online can provide businesses with legal data to help businesses make many business decisions they work enthusiastically in order to provide the company with the information that they need and deliver it promptly to the company as well. Their researches are based on updated information from the Nielsen databases, their data are all founded from national and international sources, they also offer businesses with demographic data and personal behavioural demographics as well, and they also provide information on consumer attitudes and results from online surveys as well. The intention of the website is to be able to help businesses come up with a plan in which can be benefitted in the long run. Conclusion To conclude the website that Nielsen provides can help the business figure out what their next step in business is and if they are able to appeal to the right target market in order for them to succeed in the e-business world. P3(2):Carry out a research engine such as www. google. co. uk. Discover a full range of pricesand product comparisons for laser printers suitable for business use. Create a written summary for the business explaining how you searched for the information. There are many reasons that the prices of the laser printers differ from each other, this is because for each laser printer above, they each have different features, components, and they are also from different companies as well. The more components and features that the printer has the more expensive they will be. There are many ways in which you are able to search for products online at ease, the way I searched for these price comparisons of laser printers was that I used Google search so I go on the web browser (either Firefox, internet explorer, Google chrome etc. and in the search bar type in â€Å"price comparisons of laser printers† then what I did was that I clicked on the fifth link that was available on the page, due to the fact that I believe that the first few links may not have as much information as you would need, after clicking on the link wait for the page to load. Once the page has loaded you are then free to browse the different types of laser printers and t he prices of the different products. P4: Prepare a presentation that describes the kinds of actions that various organisations can take to reduce security risks arising from operating online. There are many problems these days that can prevent an organisation to function on the internet, there are many precautions that an organisation can take in order to help reduce the risks to computer security organisations can apply sensible precautions like: Antivirus Software This software is one vital protection for any business that is connected to the internet. This software must not only be connected to one connected but to the whole network in order for the organisation to be well protected. This software ensures that all information that is carried in such as floppy or zip discs, USB, or any other removable media has the viruses removed before they are being opened on the computer, if the removable devices are not scanned and the viruses are not removed completely then there is a huge chance that once the file is opened the computer could be infected and this can cause huge trouble for the organisation. There ismuch software that are available for an organisation to choose from and many of them work in similar ways, the ones that are more effective is the ones that offer and updated list of the current viruses, some of the software’s that allows this are: Norton Antivirus, MacAfee. Good antivirus software usually would include the following components as part of their services: * They scan all files on local or hard disks, floppy disks, floppies or network drives. They shield automatically in the background, looking out for viruses while downloading takes place, or a floppy disk is put into the PC. * They can clean a file system or disk of viruses once they have been found. This is done by scanning a database for established remedies, most antivirus solutions erase a virus immediately and it is expected that the recipient of a virus informs the sender straight away so that the source can be eliminated. Firewalls This is a security system that was executed in software or hardware that is used to prevent unauthorised access to or from an intranet which is a private network, firewalls are frequently used during that time. They work by filtering packets of data as they enter or leave the network, on the other hand they apply security to some particular applications, firewalls are like the front line for defence, they make sure that everything is secure before they allow anyone to enter or leave the network, which can help keep not only the computers but also the organisations and information safe. Information Technology Policies This will be set up by the organisations themselves, this will set out the policies in which the staff must abide by in order to use the internet, most of the time, the policies will state that they must not use the company’s internet for personal use, and that they must use it wisely. Many measures such as passwords, authentication, firewalls and restrictions will all have to be applied. The security methods outlines will offer good protection from external and internal threats. If the policies are not followed by the staff and the staff use the internet inappropriately, this can then cause damage to the business. Backing up Data Backing up data is very important, especially if you are a big business and your computers hols a mass amount of information, not only about your customers but also the staff. Organisations that use the intranet will usually have a lot of crucial data that is stored on the computer files. Malicious hacking and loss of data can be very harmful to the company. Some computers may back up the data automatically, this would mean that they would copy all the work onto another file and would store them separately. Other ways that businesses can back up their data is through CD’s, or other portable media such as memory stick, or other hard drives can be a good way to back up their data. P5: Explain the competitive pressures on selected, contrasting business organisations to develop their e-business. The expansion of online trading and the ever increasing trend of global businesses to use digital communications technology are also increasing competitive pressure. Online competition can increase in a number of areas which includes prices and recruitment. Prices-Web-based businesses are always faced with very competitive pricing for products. Through a research they convey that most businesses tend to grip onto profits that are caused by the increase of price competition. Businesses that decide to trade online are often forced to publish a list of their prices for their products. Which can then be used by price comparisons sites which may hurt the company in the long run, due to the fact that now customers are able to compare the prices of the same products with the different businesses that sell them and look for the one that is the cheapest, this method may eventually put a company out of business, due to the fact that they are unable to compete ith the low prices that the other companies have posted online. Recruitment-Having access to god quality staff is also essential to any e-business company, due to the fact that by opening an online business requires many staff in order to run the business efficiently and effectively. The web creates a fierce competitive stretch for a job for the online recruitment environment. It is hard for e-businesses to get access to good staff they are going to have to compete with other businesses as well in order to get the most experienced one. By recruiting the staff that is good at the job, you are then able to run the business knowing that the business won’t have any big complications, due to the fact that the staffs that you have employed aretrustworthy. Also you are also competing with the brains of the other businesses as well, so in order to have the upper hand in the competition it is best advised to have good if not better staff than they have. Relocations, takeovers, closures and mergers-When the economy is not great and businesses are facing substantial decrease in sales, they then opt for another way in which they are still able to open for business and to find ways in which they can increase their strength on the position. Usually when business decide to venture out onto a different form of business they would relocate to a different place and sometimes they can even overtake a different business, other ways could include merging with other business to build one big business, this will then create a bigger business that is able to compete with the other businesses more and without complications. Refocusing Business-This is when a business completely changes their game plan and opts for a different business venture that may or may not help them in the future. This may be the case because the business itself is not doing very well in the market and the business needs to think of another way in which they are able to maintain the business that they sought out to be, so they may change the whole aspect of the business, which may help due to the fact this can give the consumers a whole new and fresh perspective on the business. By changing the way that the business runs and the products that they sell or the service that they provide allows the business to attract a whole different target audience as well, they are then able to expand on what they do and they can focus on making more profit, which is what the business really wanted in the first place. P7: Prepare an outline development plan for sales staff that is unfamiliar with internet business. Plans for Internet Use Email Practices-You must not send or forward emails containing defamatory, offensive, racist or obscene remarks. If you receive an email of this nature, you must promptly notify your Line Manager or the Computing Support Team Manager. You must not forward a message or copy a message or attachment which is restricted without obtaining permission from the originator first. You must not send unsolicited email messages or chain mail. You must not forge or attempt to forge email messages, or disguise or attempt to disguise your identity when sending mail. For example, there was an employee before who thought it was gun to send spam emails to every user in the company, the other employees thought it was an important message so they opened it, once the email was opened a virus started to spread through every computer, this little act prevented the company from working for about 24 hours. As you have read making sure that you use email services properly and failure to follow these policies may result in your removal from the organisation. Online Customer Relations-Making sure that the online customer relationship doesn’t go overboard and end up in a sticky situation where you are unable to get yourself out of, this can cause stress to not only you but also the company. Example, one time there was an employee that was working and they had to call up one of their clients and get some information from the person, one thing led to another and the client asked that person out, in the end there was a huge misunderstanding and the client sued the business and it took the company months before the reputation was restored. So by making sure that the relationship between you and the client are kept strictly as client and employee. Social Networking-You must not use the internet for any social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr. These sites will be restrictedautomatically; if you are seen to be on these websites there will be serious consequences. Social networking is not allowed on business grounds, due to the fact that by using this site, it can cause many discrepancies within the business, which can cause friction between the workers of the business as well. An example was that nearly the whole company’s employees have social networking sites and in this case they all have Facebook, and one of the employees thought it was funny to post a picture of them self at work, the picture however turned out to be the employee lying on the table and sleeping, management got words about the situation and check it out, once they saw the picture they didn’t even hesitate in firing that person for their unprofessionalism. Customer Feedback-When replying to customer feedbacks and make sure that you do not use any profanity, this can cause the customer to sue the company for distress and emotional damage. This can not only give the company a bad reputation but it can also put your job on the line. Also do not give false information to the customers as well, due to the fact that the customer may take it seriously and they may end up getting hurt or damaged, which can put the business in jeopardy, and it could hurt the business altogether as well. An example was one of the employee was new to the company and they didn’t know the rules as of yet before they have started, and their first feedback that they got was a little bit offensive to the hearing and the employee them self couldn’t take the criticism and they just lashed out on the customer, the customer then filed a complaint about the incident and the company and the customer had to go to court in order to resolve the situation and in the end the business was forced to pay the customer for emotional distress, which caused the company to be in a downfall for a couple of months, and as for the employee they were immediately fired after the trial ended. Computer Misuse Act: This is a law in the United Kingdom that legislates against certain activities using computers, such as hacking into other peoples systems, also by misusing the software or helping a person gain access to the protected files on the companys computers. This act is split into three different sections which still constitutes as being illegal. They are: Unauthorised access to computer material, unauthorised access to computer systems with the intent to commit another offence, and unauthorised modification of computer material. M2: Take two contrasting businesses and explain, using examples, how they have responded to competitive forces to develop their use of e-business. The two contrasting businesses that I will be comparing are River Island and Oxfam. River Island is in the private and Oxfam is a non-profit organisation. River Island Marketing:There are many ways in which River Island markets their products via the use of internet, they have also improved the way that their customers are able to browse their website with ease. Also through the website River Island are able to help their customers also with saving money through their online sale and their online coupon codes, which the customer can either use it when they are checking out online or if they wanted to they can use it any one of River Island stores. This way of marketing allows the customer to see what the products are and full details of the products, unlike in stores where they only state the name, price and size. Through the internet the customers are able to read thorough descriptions of the products as well as product reviews from previous buyers that bought the same product. River Island not only made it easier for their customers to browse the website, they made it easy for anyone to browse through their website. River Island has created a very good site whichfollows most e-commerce best practice guidelines, and delivers a very good user experience. Compared to other businesses such as New Look and Peacocks, River Island has improved on their marketing skills through the internet and they are now updated with the other businesses as well unlike before when their website was a little bit difficult to browse, but since the improvement it has experienced higher sales from the use of internet. Product Development:Through the use of internet River Island is able to showcase more new products that they have and are promoting, due to the fact that now they are able to show their customers the product before it hits the stores and this gives a chance to the customers to see their new styles, with River Island they sometimes have products that are only sold online, which means that the customers are only able to purchase that product via the internet and that they won’t be able to buy that product in stores at all. This allows the business to have an upper hand over the other businesses, due to the fact that they are now able to show the customers their products before it even hits stores and even before the other businesses are able to see what the new products is. Pricing:Through the internet the customers are able to compare the prices of many similar products, also the internet does not only benefit the customers but also the business as well, due to the fact that River Island is able to see the prices that other retail stores are offering for similar products, which can help the business to see if they would need to change the pricing of those products. Through using the internet River Island is able to not only convey the prices of each product that is selling, but also do online discounts where they can cut the price of some products that are being sold but only online, which can bring many new customers to the site, due to the price cuts and the easy access of the website. Customer Relations: Through the internet the customers are not only able to find out the phone number for the company where they are able to call the company for any enquiry that they may have, they are also able to email the company immediately and they may receive a response within that same day that the email was sent, through the internet the customers are given many methods where they are able to contact the business directly, which can help the business, due to the fact that they are able to solve the problems that made the customer dissatisfied with the services or the company itself. Through the website it is clear as to where the customers should go to contact one of the staff at River Island and they made it clear how many methods are available for the customers to choose form in order to contact the right person, also they made it easy for the customers to submit their claim via email by stating the information that they need the customers to fill in, in order to send the request. Oxfam Marketing: Through the website Oxfam promotes the many issues that are happening all over the world during that moment. They provide links and videos for customers to see for themselves the effects the disasters caused the civilians living there, they are different from other, through the internet they are able to spread the news of the disasters more effectively and they are able to not only able to show the disasters they are show the customers what it is that they can do in order to help the helpless civilians, through the internet they are able to communicate effectively with the customers about the support that is needed, they are also able to show the customers what they can do in order to help as well. Customer Relations:Through the internet they are able to communicate more effectively with their customers, donators and ambassadors, due to the fact through the many methods expressed on the site the customers are able to see which method of communication they think is best for them, unlike other charities Oxfam has an ambassador who are there to make sure that the nation hears about the disaste r that are happening today, the ambassadors are responsible to communicate with the people about the help that is needed in order to help the helpless. Some of the ambassadors are Scarlett Johansson, Annie Lennox, Colin Firth, Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Helen Mirren, just to name a few. Through the internet the ambassadors are able to tell the people how and what they are doing in order to help the needy and what they can do to help as well. Through the internet the business is able to develop their customer relationship, due to the fact that they are able to talk the customer about the problems whole heartedly and they are able to show the customers what they are capable of doing in order to the people that needs helping. D1: Evaluate how successful a particular business organisation has been in preparing for growing use of e-business. River Island Marketing Benefits Responding to competitive forces: There are many new economies that are emerging in the world that are competing for the business of River Island with the likes of New Look and Peacocks sales increasing, River Island will now need to compete with the other upcoming businesses on pricing, on quality of the products, quality of customer service. River Island therefore in order to compete with the other businesses they make sure that the clothes that are being purchased are up to the standards that River Island have set out for each product, they also make sure that the price are satisfactory for that particular product. By improving the website overall helps the business have a upper hand over their other competitors due to the fact that since the website is much easier to access and manageable this helps the customers browse easier which can help them with the purchasing process of the product. Through using the internet River Island is able to compete with the many businesses now because they are now able to see the products and prices that their rivals are promoting on their website as well. The disadvantage is that the competition between the other businesses and River Island is very strong, due to the fact that each business wants to make the most profit but without costing the business their reputation and they want to be able to help the customers save money at the same time and if each business lowers their prices on a particular product, this puts pressure on River Island to do the same as well and if they keep lowering the price of the product, there is a chance that they will receive a lot of customers but they may not making as much money as they would want. Marketing benefits:The internet is able to help River Island with marketing their products, due to the fact that they are able to advertise their products and services on other websites, which they are able to do for a price, the internet also enables their customers to get a firsthand look at new products that River Island is promoting before it actually hits the stores, which can benefit the customer, because they are then able to pre order the product and they will be able to have a product that hasn’t been out yet, also through the internet customers are able to post reviews about the product which can help the business, due to the fact that customers are then able to read the reviews and then they can decide if they should purchase the product based on not only if they want to purchase it but also from the review to see if the product is worth buying or not. This can help the business to market the product by allowing the customers to see if the product would be good and if the product is worth buying or not. The only disadvantage is that it would cost the company a lot in order to promote their products and services on other websites, due to the fact that they are paying some other company to advertise their stores for them and sometimes they may not know if the company that they paid for the advertising of their products even put their products online for them, it will be hard for them to make sure that they are getting their money’s worth for the advertisement that they have paid for in the first place . 24 hour global presence and flexible location: Through the use of internet in marketing, it means that products can be displayed and offered online for 24 hours a day everywhere in the world. River Island provides their customer with online catalogues, which helps the customers browse through the products online. Online catalogues provides full details and images of the products being sold to the public. River Island is also expanding their stores as well, having not only one store for every area, they have two to three different stores for the area alone, which gives customers the flexibility to shop at one location freely, example in oxford street there are three different River Island stores around the area, which makes it easier for the customers to shop, due to the fact that they won’t have to walk a long way to get to one store. Also all locations of River Island stores are also available on the River Island website, where the customers are able to search for the store that is nearest to their location. The disadvantage of this is because if there is a technical problem that can cause the company to shut the website down and fix the problem before reopening the website, which during that time non loyal customers may have moved on to other businesses to purchase the product rather than wait for the website to be reopened in order for them to purchase their products. Personalisation and feedback:River Island is able to save their customer profiles through the website; this is due to when the customer registers with River Island online, they are automatically inputted onto River Island’s computers, once the customer has registered they are then given a few questions to answer about themselves and at that time River Island would ask them the type of style that they usually go for, for an everyday look and the results would be saved and next time the customer themselves log in to the site, River Island would send the customer some products and items that fit the requests of the customers. Also through registration the customers are able to give feedbacks on the products and services that River Island provided them. The disadvantages is thatsometimes through the personalisation of the customer likes, it may not be what the customer really wanted and this can cause a problem for the company if the products that were picked for the customer is not liked by the customer themselves, which if this happens would reflect on the results that the business obtained from the customer is falsely collected or that plainly the business did not go with what the customer results and instead came to their own conclusion, also through the feedbacks that were given back to River Island some feedbacks may be derogatory which can reflect badly on the business as a whole due to the fact that through that one feedback given this may give other customers benefit of the doubt to not purchase from the business. This also can give River Island a bad impression on first time online buyers and also new customers, which can tamper with the sales made. Opportunities to communicate with customers:The web allows businesses to o btain contact details of customers through registration, which can also mean better customer feedbacks. Many communication methods are made through sending e-mails and bulletins. This can help improve the relationship between the business and the customer as well which is an advantage for the business, due to the fact that if the customer is satisfied with the services that River Island provide then they would freely introduce other customers to River Island which can be a positive thing for the business, due to the fact that they are then able to influence more and more customers to purchase items from them rather than their rivals. The disadvantage of this is that sometimes the communication is misunderstood which can cause huge problems for the business due to the fact that there is a chance that the staff and even the customers may mistake the communication between each other. Cost Benefits Reduced staffing costs:There are numerous paperwork the company needs to keep in order to keep the business running efficiently these paperwork include invoices, orders, delivery notes, credit notes and many more when running the business, also the business would need to employ more staff in order to deal and keep on top of all the paperwork available. With the use of the internet and technology the business is able to keep all those notes on the computers which requires less work to be done, since everything is already in one place and all the staff need to do is to find the right one. Also this means that the business won’t need to hire that many people to tend and maintain the paperwork, which means that the company can save money on those areas and use it towards areas where it is needed instead. The disadvantage is that by reducing the staff there may not be enough staff to work in the stores and therefore resulting in the company to recruit more staff, also other disadvantages is that if the computer becomes infected with a virus and they are unable to retrieve the information then all the information would be lost and the company would need to redo all the paperwork’s from scratch which can be time consuming. Cash flow advantages:Cash flow discusses the stream of revenue coming in from sales activities so that the working capital can be maintained. There is an opportunity to improve the cash flow of the business by opening a web-based sales channel. The advantage is that there is a possibility that River Island is able to improve their cash flow, which they can then use the cash to purchase more items to be sold not only online but also in stores, this also gives the opportunity for the business to expand as well as improving their figures at the same time. The disadvantage is that if the cash flow in the first place wasn’t as good and expected form the business, then it may also be hard for the cash flow to improve once they opened the web-based sales channel. Benefits to Customers Personalised Offers:This is the same as Personalisation and Feedbacks. This can help the business because it allows the customer to see what they have liked before and the similar items that are available for them to purchase, this allows the customer to feel as though they are part of a community where they are able to pick items that are to their likings. The other advantage is tht the customer is able to see what the item looks like on the mannequin instead of seeing just the picture, the customers are able to see what theitem looks like on the body of a person as well and they are able to see the whole item instead of just the front. The disadvantage is that they can get the likings wrong which can disappoint the customers in a way, which eventually can give the company a bad reputation. The other disadvantage is that River Island does not show the different sizes of the clothes that a available online, they indicate the different sizes available, but River Island doesn’t let the customers see wha the item looks like on the person in the size that they want, which discriminates against bigger people who want a bigger size. Operational implications of trends on organisations Expectations and product fulfilment:Through opening an online website and store River Island is bound to have many expectations from the public, in order to keep sales increasing, River Island must have high expectations of the website from the beginning, due to the fact that if their expectations are low from the beginning about opening an online store then the results may affect the low expectations as well. If the business is optimistic about the website there is a higher chance that the website will do well. The advantages of having expectations and product fulfilment is that they can help increase the sales for River Island on an overall basis, due to the fact with the sales from the stores and the web-based sales, the increase is sufficient for the business to run efficiently and effectively. The disadvantage is that since the expectations of the web-based sales is high, if the company is unable to provide the items and live up to the expectations, this can cause a huge disruption for the company in terms of sales and this can also hurt their reputation and be dubbed as not telling the truth. Also if they are unable to fulfil the online orders of the customers they can face a huge amount of complaints. Customer expectations:Customers that shop online are more picky than when they are shopping in stores, due to the fact that with online they are not capable of trying the item on to see if they fit or not, so they need to be extra careful and picky in choosing the item or products and their sizes. Their expectations are not only to do with the quality of the item but also in the speed of the website, because customers would expect the website to load quickly in the browser, they would also expect for the links to be working properly and also to have less pop ups as possible as they can be a hassle. Customers also expect that the description of the items are also updated and accurate, prices should also be easily seen and read by the customers as well, also the customers expect that the website should have a feedback page or FAQ (frequently asked questions) page so they are able to give feedbacks on the service, they also expect to have privacy and complete security when they are purchasing the items. The advantages is that this keeps the business on their toes because they would need to be constantly checking to see if the information of the items are updated or not and if they would need to change anything or not. Another advantage is that through this River Island is able to improve their website to fit their customers liking, which can guarantee them huge success if customers are happy which they then can recommend other customers to River Islands’ online store as well. The disadvantage is that sometimes the expectations are high from the customers who can put pressure on the company to better their website to what the customer likes and sometimes by changing the website it could change the whole persona of what the website was meant to be used for in the first place. Another disadvantage is that since the expectations from customers are high, it is most likely harder for the business to live up to the expectation given to them. Increased Competition: By opening an web-based store River Island is now vulnerable to increased competition, due to the fact that now their competitors are able to see their entire clothing line online without crossing any borders, also their competitors are also now able to see what promotional offers River Island is promoting and also the prices of each items as well. Also the business is now subjected to online price comparisons with other online businesses as well. The advantages of increase competition is that River Island is also able to see their competitors’ prices as well, also they are also able to see what their competitors websites look like and then they are also able to change theirs if it is needed to be changed. The disadvantage is as I have mentioned before is that their rivals are able to see their clothing line and promotional offers and their prices as well, which can be bad for River Island due to the fact that once the competitors know what they are selling and the prices of each items their rivals are able to change their prices that can beat out the price of River Island, which can prevent River Island from making sales online. Also with the price comparison sites customers would fins the same products that River Island is selling for less which can consequently decrease the sales that River Island makes online. Overall River Island was quite successful from opening an online store as well as having the normal stores around. River Island have prepared very well for the ever growing use of e-business, due to the fact that they are now able to see that they are able to make more profit from online business as well as from the stores that they have. Although there are many obstacles that River Island will and have faced in order to keep up with the ever changing use of e-business, they still have found ways in which they are able to overcome it and change things around that can not only benefit the business but also the customers as well. There are many things that can keep River Island from increasing their sales online and that is from the increasing competition of e-business as well. E-business has become another form of income for many businesses and they have become another way that they can expand their business, and River Island need to make sure that they are on top of who their competitions are and how they are going to overcome the situation without putting their reputation at any harm, but overall River Island has done very well transitioning into e-business and so far their business is also increasing from their online business as well as the stores, and the website seems to be well received by the customers as well as the staff, also they have also taken aboard all the remarks and improvements that they can make to their website in order to attract more customers. Conclusion In conclusion using the internet to expand on the company can help the business a lot, due to the fact that it can help them to spread their names around, since the internet is a world known technology, it provides the business with international attention, which can help them to wi den their horizon.

SLAVERY IN NARRATIVEOF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS essays

SLAVERY IN NARRATIVEOF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLASS essays It is well known that all American countries have been colonized. Some were colonized as settlement colonies but great majority was colonized as exploration colonies. The exploration was a very important fact that affected, for example, not only the social development of the exploited human being since the native habitants and/or the slaves that had to work under really bad circumstances and conditions were not treated as human beings but also the masters that had to fight with the conflict of ideas. All kinds of mistreatments and suffers can be seen in the text of Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass. Frederick Douglass was himself a slave and passed through all kinds of mistreatments the slaves used to pass. In his Narrative it is possible to see that slaves did not have any right although they were the ones who worked, being responsible for the enrichment of their master, consequently for the country. Slaves could not celebrate their birthday since they did not know the exact day in which they had born and they had no birth certificate: I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs. It means that they had the same rights as animals not as human beings. Besides, the slaves could not ask anything for their master: I was not allowed to make any inquiries of my master concerning it. This fact reinforces ignorance and robs from children their natural sense of individual identity. Another common aspect concerned masters and slaves is that master abused of slave women and their children were also treat as slaves: My father was a white man....The opinion was also whispered that my master was my father... ; ...that children of slave women shall in all cases follow the condition of their mothers,... and if the relation bet...

Pasteboard Mask

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Causes of Rework and cost overuns in construction of sea water Thesis Proposal

Causes of Rework and cost overuns in construction of sea water desalination projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Thesis Proposal Example Desalination is a very important term, especially for the countries where fresh water resources are scarce. It could be any process that removes a vast amount of salt and other minerals from the water. Habitually, it is known as the procedure of drawing the salts and minerals. It is best to purify your water with the process of desalinated and then use it for drinking and as well as for irrigational activities. This is the same process which is being used by many seagoing ships and sub-marines (Love et. al. 2004). In today’s world, desalination is mainly used for developing cost-effective ways of giving fresh water to such regions of the world where fresh water is in meager amount. If you are intending to do a large scale desalination process then you may also need massively powered infrastructures but it is sure to increase the expense you will pay on the overall project, so it is better to make the usage of fresh water from rivers or wells etc. According to the census performed n April 2010, Saudi Arab had a population of 27,136,977 humans out of which 18,707,576 were recognized as nationals and others were living with no nationality. Due to an overwhelming economic and urban growth of this country, more than 95% of the whole population has been settled down now. Some cities even have densities of more than thousand people per square kilometer. About 50% of the total water used in this country is generated by the process of desalination, whereas the other 40% is extracted from the mining of non-renewable groundwater, the remaining 10% is simply taken off from the surface water. This research will highlight the issues related to desali9nation processes in Saudi Arab which cause cost overruns. Problem Statement: The problem which will be studied in this research is: Causes of Rework and cost overruns in construction of sea water desalination projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research Objectives: There are four main objecti ves of this research which are listed below: To study existing sea water desalination projects for cost overruns To explore the reasons of rework and cost overruns in sea water desalination projects To investigate low cost alternatives which can control the cost of sea water desalination projects in Saudi Arabia To find ways of avoiding this cost overruns if construction of sea water desalination projects in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Research Scope and limitation: This research will study 2 cases where cost overrun has been reported in construction of sea water desalination projects in Saudi Arab. Due to the constraint of time and budget, it is not possible to study the whole universe in this research. However, the case study selection will be based on the criteria that the projects which represent and can highlight the problems of all existing desalination projects should be chosen. This research is limited in the sense that not every existing sea water desalination project will be s tudied under it. Also, it is not possible for the researcher to study every aspect of the problem under discussion, so this research is limited to study of aspects of cost overrun. Methodology: For any research, qualitative or quantitative, primary or secondary, the most important part is its methodology. Methodology sets the stage for all further work to be done in any research (Gauch, 2002). Research can be done successfully and the objectives can be achieved if the research methodology laid out to conduct this research is properly planned. As research methodology is what leads any research towards its success, its importance can never be undermined in case of any research (Symon, et. al., 2000). This research is focused basically on primary data collection. A lot of tests and experiments have been conducted to get the required